Passing... - Constructing Identities in Literature and Film

Bent Sørensen


[Go directly to course plan] [Go to project ideas]

This course examines the notion of
passing as an essential part of identity construction in 20th literature and film. Malcontent with ones place within the various identity hierarchies, individuals have always tried to better or protect their position through passing for something or someone else. Taking advantage of the fact that identities are discursively constructed and transmitted thorugh texts, one can use the notion and dynamics of passing in texts to examine historically bound representations of identities. The six main discursive differences in the 20th century pertain to race, gender, class, nation, belief, and age. Each will be examined as a discourse of identity construction through one illustrative filmic or literary text. The  periods investigated are the interwar years, the Cold War/Eisenhower years, and the beginning and end of the postmodern period.

Race:  Nella Larsen: Passing (1929)

Class: F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby (1926)

Nation: Don Siegel (director), Daniel Mainwaring (pseudonym: Geoffrey Holmes (screenwriter)): Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) (Film based on novel by Jack Finney)

Belief: Jack Kerouac: Dharma Bums (1958)

Gender: Kimberley Pierce (director & screenwriter): Boys Don’t Cry (1999)

Age: Hal Ashby (director), Colin Higgins (screenwriter): Harold and Maude (1971)

The course will build on a background of twentieth century American literary and cultural history (course book: Passing: Identity and Interpretation in Sexuality, Race and Religion (eds. María Carla Sánchez & Linda Schlossberg), NYU Press, 2001), and the theoretical framework will be based on the notion of difference discourses. There will be an introductory lecture on difference discourses and social constructivism, followed by one session on each text/main difference. The final session will indicate some trends in the current discursive fields in early 21st century American literature and film.

Course plan:

All texts that are not on-line links and marked with an * are available in the course pack for photo-copying. You'll have to buy the 3 novels - all are available right now from Centerboghandelen.

1. Monday, September 5, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Introduction: Difference discourses. Please read this essay as preparation. Read also the Schlossberg article* "Rites of Passing" as backgroud.

2. Monday,
September 12, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Nella Larsen: Passing. Read the novel as preparation. This essay is recommended as background reading

3. Monday,
September 19, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby. Read the novel as preparation. Fitzgerald background here. Gatsby background here.

[At 4 pm the session will continue with a screening of next week's film: Invasion of the Body Snatchers. All are welcome]

4. Monday,
September 26, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Watch the movie and read the screen-play* as preparation. Read this essay as background

5. Monday, October 3,
2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Jack Kerouac: Dharma Bums. Read the novel as preparation. This essay gives a good introduction. This essay on literary topography contains an analysis of Dharma Bums as a type of American Orientalist discourse (pp. 46-50).

[At 4 pm the session will continue with a screening of next week's film: Boys Don't Cry. All are welcome]


6. Monday,
October 10, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Boys Don't Cry. Watch the movie as preparation. Read the excerpt from Aphrodite Jones' book* All She Wanted as 'factual' background. Read Rachel Swan's article* "Boys Don't Cry" as analytical and theoretical background. Read Halberstam's essay* "Telling Tales: Brandon Teena, Billy Tipton, and Transgender Biography" as theoretical background. Read this interview with Kimberley Pierce as optional background.

[At 4 pm the session will continue with a screening of next week's film: Harold and Maude. All are welcome]


7. Monday,
October 17, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Harold & Maude. Watch the movie or read the play* as preparation. Browse the unofficial homepage for background. You can also download the full screenplay from here.

8. Monday,
October 24, 2.15-4 pm, room 1.115, KS3
Outro. The economies of passing - identity lessons and tragedy. Read these notes as preparation.

Project ideas:

The "tragic mulatto" theme in Nella Larsen: Passing and Quicksand

The use of art and literature in the Harlem Renaissance as a means for racial uplift and recognition

Lost and found: Exile and migration as great themes in 1920s American literature

Jazz Age: New Women, flappers and sex goddesses of the 1920s

Class and Crash: The American Dream of Gatsby

Cold War sensibilities in film: Better dead than Red?

Aliens abroad: the psychology of fear in the US

The influence of the East on the West: The dawning of a New Age sensibility in California in the 1950s and 1960s

Beat literature as an American Existentialism

Dharma Bums as nature writing in the Transcendentalist vein

Gender trouble: Transsexuality as identity strategy

Hate crimes as response to Otherness: an American tradition in literature and the Arts?

Generation gap? Love and sex across the age divide

Letting go - love and death in the American novel and film